Layout Consideration for Pumps:
- Locate pumps close to equipments from which they take suction.
- Consideration should be made to locate pumps under structures or with their motor ends under a pipe rack.
- Pump suction lines are generally larger than discharge line to avoid problems arising from a low Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH).
- End suction top discharge is the preferable option for pumps, when taking suction directly from tanks or vessels located at grade.
- Pumps should be arranged in rows with center line of discharge is on a common line.
- Clearance between pumps or pumps and pipes are a minimum of 900mm.
Layout Consideration for Compressors:
- It is important to locate reciprocating compressors, anchors, and restraints for pipes belonging to the compressor system on foundations that are independent of any building, structure, or pipe track or rack. This independence gives the associated piping stability and minimizes unnecessary fatigue and possible failure.
- Spacing between compressors and other equipment varies with the type of machine and its duty.
- Particular attention must be paid to withdrawal of engine and compressor pistons, cam shaft, crank shaft and lube oil cooler bundle; cylinder valve maintenance clearance with least possible obstruction from piping supports.
- Compressor generally are provided a degree of shelter, that is a sheets building. keep the sides up to 8 feet above grade and open and vent the ridge to allow for escape of flammable gas, which might leak from the machines.
- Certain types of compressors, owing to the height of the mass foundation above grade level, require a mezzanine floor of a grid construction to avoid trapping any gas and for operation and maintenance.
Layout Consideration for Exchangers:
- Tubular exchangers usually have standard length tubes of 2.5, 4, 5 and 6m.
- Whenever possible locate exchangers at grade to facilitate maintenance and tube withdrawal.
- Two or more shells forming one unit can be stacked or otherwise arranged as indicated on the exchanger specification sheet, which is delineated by the manufacturer.
- Exchangers with dissimilar service can be stacked, but rarely more than three high, except for fin tube type units.
- Horizontal clearance of at least 900mm should be left between exchangers or between exchangers & piping.
- Where space is limited, clearance may be reduced between alternate exchangers, providing sufficient space is left for maintenance and inspection access.
- Where a rear shell cover is provided with a davit, allow clearance for the full swing of the head. Set overhead vapors exchangers or condensers at such elevation that the exchanger is self-draining.
- Arrange outlets to a liquid hold pot or trap, so that the underside of the exchanger tubes is above the liquid level in the trap.
- Arrange exchangers so that the fixed end is at the channel end.
- Vertical exchangers should be set to allow lifting or lowering of the tube bundle.
- Consult the vessel department as to the feasibility of supporting vertical exchangers from associated towers.
- Space should be left free for tube or bundle withdrawal, with the exchanger channels preferably pointing toward an access area or road.
- If an exchanger is suited well within plot, leave a free area and approach for mobile lifting equipments.
- Air fin exchangers, preferably should be located in a separate row outside the main equipment row, remote from the central pipe way.
- Consider locating air fin exchangers over the central pipe way if plot space if very limited.
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