Equipment Terminology

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The following list identifies items generally associated with mechanical equipments & vessels:

  • Base plate: A flat, metal ring welded to the bottom of a vessel's supporting skirt that rest on a concrete foundation.
  • Skirt: A cylinder shaped support for a vertical vessel. one end is welded to the base plate allowing it to rest on the foundation and the other end is welded to the bottom head of a vertical vessel.
  • Head: The end enclosures of a vessel. They can be either semi-elliptical, spherical, or dished.
  • Shell: The cylindrical wall of a vessel
  • Skirt access opening: An 18" ID hole 2'-6'' above the foundation that allows worker entrance for inspection and maintenance.
  • Skirt vents: Equally spaced holes approximatly 3'' to 4'' in diameter bore near the top of the vessel skirt that allow toxic and explosive gases to escape.
  • Skirt Fireproofing: Fireproofing is applied around interior and exterior walls of a vessel skirt. It is necessary to prevent damage to vessel skirt incase a fire occurs.
  • Nozzle: The tie-in connection between the vessel or equipment and the piping system.
  • Nozzle orientation: The angular arrangement of nozzles around the perimeter of a vessel's shell.
  • Nozzle Projection: Used to estsblish the distance from the vessel's centerline to the nozzle's face of the flange.
  • Reinforcing pad: A plate contoured to the shape of a vessel shell. it is positioned around nozzles and prvides additional strength in the areas where metal was removed from the shell.
  • Manholes: They are workers entry points into the vessel. They are 18'' ID and are accessible by ladders & platforms. when not in use it is sealed with a blind flange.
  • Manhole hinge: A hinge that creates a pivot point allowing the blind flange attached to the manhole to be easily removed for worker entrance.
  • Seal pan: A tray installed below the bottom tray in a vessel tp prevent liquids from bypassing the trays.
  • Trays: Flat metal plates spaced approximately 18'' to 24'' apart inside a vertical vessel. They can be bolted or welded to the vessel shell. trays are perforated to allow rising vapors and falling liquids to pass through with the aid of a valving mechanism called trays.
  • Weir: A dam like plate welded on a tray that allows a fractioned by-product to collect and be extracted by a nozzle.
  • Downcomers: Openings adjacent to a tray that allow liquids flowing over a weir plate to fall to the tray below and begins the fractionation process over again.
  • Insulation rings: Continuous circular rings welded to exterior of a vertical vessel that supports a vessel's insulation. They are typically spaced on 12'-0'' centers.
  • Saddles: U-shaped supports welded on horizontal vessels and exchangers. Saddles are bolted to concrete foundations and create cradle like support in which vessel can rest.
  • Lifting lugs: Donut shaped rings welded to the vessel's shell or head that allow the vessel to be raised and positioned during installation.

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